To make the reading of hebrew easier, marks or points above and below the letters were added to the text by the masoretes, to function as vowels. Table of contents american schools of oriental research. Name readable but unpronounceable, why gerard gertoux. They base that on petrus galatinuss latin spelling iehoua in 15181520. He attacked the form ioua used by chateillon reminding that st augustine had explained according to the writer varro that the jews had worshiped ioue jupiter. Some of the most popular of these are yahweh, i know you are near, by dan schutte, yahweh is my shepherd by millie rieth, and yahweh is. Absolute chronology of the ancient world from 2840 bce to 1533 bce. Today scientists believe in the last ice age called pleistocene ending to 10,000.
Using libreoffice as a pdf editor ghacks tech news. There is a very generalized tendency to select the jupitersaturn conjunction around 7 bc as the time of christs birth. It was compiled by various persons and quickly acquired contemporary popularity, for it was continued by many hands in many manuscript traditions. The possibility of missing ancestors is demonstrated in ezra 7, where we are presented with this genealogy. The traditional date of 1595 bce for the destruction of babylon by the hittite king mursili i is accepted by most historians for many years despite notable controversies. However, this famous event occurred at the earliest times of recorded history sumerian king list. Sanctified be your name did jesus jehovahsalvation know gods name yhwh. The writer of chronicles shows a preference for the form elohim, and in ps. The following chart comes from gerard gertoux s article, dating the reigns of xerxes and artaxerxes. A long time before, in the first century, flavius josephus, a jewish writer, had written that the tetragram is written with four vowels and not four consonants. The pivotal date of 465 bce for the death of xerxes has been accepted by historians for many years. Historians consider the biblical account of the deluge as a myth.
In some of our churches, hymns and psalm translations are sung that name god as yahweh instead of lord. Historians consider the biblical account about jonahs warning against nineveh as a pious fiction, however, the gospels refer to it as a real story lk 11. Names of certain individuals are sometimes left out when their mention does not further the writer s purpose. Pdf in search of the sacred tetragrammaton name of god. The first flores historiarum was created by st albans writer, roger of wendoverglores carried his chronology from the creation up tothe year before his death. Why we are persuaded that hwhy is pronounced yahweh. Pdf assyrian and biblical chronologies are they reliable. Born at an unknown date in the 11th century and an unknown place within muslim spain, he embraced christianity and was baptized at huesca. This pivotal date is considered crucial to the various calculations of the early chronology of the ancient near east. Gerard gertoux has written a deep treatise with a great deal of factual evidence for jehovahs name. Its story reflects on gods name as fundamental to all monotheistic religions. The alleged death of herod in 4 bc has had a great weight on this, being supported by.
Gods name is fundamental to all monotheistic religions. Was the new world translations use of the word jehovah. Historian gertoux believes yahu to be a diminutive of yah. The use of the name by early christians 3 symmachus was the author around 165 ce of one of the greek versions of the old testament. Gerard gertoux is a scholar who possibly knows more details about the jehovahyahweh controversy, than any other person on the planet earth. Lilley9781230443461, preussische chronik, volume 8. Its free and setting up an account only takes a moment. Flavius josephus 37100, who knew the priesthood of this time very well, clarified that, when romans attacked the temple, the jews called upon the fearinspiring name of god. Protectourcoastline your search result for gerard gertoux. As you can see the reigns of xerxes and artaxerxes i longimanus are the least documented of the persian era. The book of jonah, despite its brevity, gives some verifiable information regarding nineveh, a very old city, which disappeared completely after its destruction in 612 bce. My question specifically concerns bm 32234 which gerard gertoux uses as the basis for his argument that xerxes died in 475 bc and that artaxerxes 20th year is therefore to be dated to 455 bc. Moses and the exodus chronological, historical and archaeological evidence. Why we are persuaded that hwhy is pronounced yahweh by larry and june acheson.
Have mercy upon me, the prayer of the penitent in the fiftyfirst psalm explained tr. Fritz poppenberg a german filmaker made a dvd from this article which is available for free on youtube s. I am already familiar with carl olof jonssons work,which is immensely useful. Pdf the origins of the names yahweh and jehovah as related to the hebrew tetragrammaton. However, the evident form iehouah was under attack very soon because of cabalists then theologians who supposed that gods name was a. Maimonides, 800 years ago, wrote that the name is read as it is written. In fact, church fathers and christian writers in general seem to have been constantly attracted to the discussion of the divine names. Did you also read the many good recensions of nwt in that link, like for example jason debuhn that wrote the most accurate of the translations compared, and a. However gerard gertoux says that iehoua is not a transliteration of the pointed tetragrammaton. Historical and archaeological evidence by gerard gertoux p. Gertoux 2002 proposed that the replacement of the tetragrammaton by a7k was.
Gerard gertoux believed that petrus galatinus was familiar with the book of maimonides the guide of the perplexed. Absolute chronology of the ancient world from 2840 bce to. I have recently, just today, communicated again with gerard gertoux requesting permission to quote extensive long passages from his book on this topic as a basis for a more indepth forum discussion. Chronology is the backbone of history is usually taught in schools but what is very disturbing is the total absence of reliable chronology to fix the exodus because the date goes from 2100 to 650 bc sparks. Gerard gertoux, universite lyon, histoire et archeologie des mondes anciens department, graduate student. The divine name through the ages discussion in controversial christian theology started by serapha. Associates for biblical research archives william struse. Origin and development of the modern hebrew writing script. Gods name, which one finds about times in the bible under the form yhwh, possesses the. Its story and keith johnson, who promotes the pronunciation yehovah. Vowel marks to make the reading of hebrew easier, marks or points above and below the letters were added to the text by the masoretes, to function as vowels. Early christians, the new testament and the divine name. Studies history, science, astronomy, ancient chronological. In the bernaga 16th century many italian and german antitrinitarians, persecuted both by calvinists and by the inquisition, sought refuge in transylvania, 38 whose church had adopted antitrinitarian doctrines inand whose aristocratic houses maintained an italianspeaking culture.
Pdf mainstream historians, without exception, consider that coregencies never existed among assyrian. Gerard gertoux also believes that yhwh consists of four vowels, and that it must be vocalized either yehoah or yehouah e. Chronological, historical and archaeological evidence by gerard gertoux paperback online at lulu. Gerard gertoux entered the jehovah yahweh controversy in 2002, when he wrote a 328 page book titled. Therefore it is, in general, difficult to deduce how a word is pronounced from its spelling only, and the tetragrammaton is a particularly. Suetonius and dio only mention him by name and do not refer to him as a writer. His website contains numerous pdf files with all sorts of chronological data, many if not most of them in english, and certainly worth a visit to have a look into those, i think. Gesenius acknowledged, according to the theophoric names, that the name of god could be easily vocalized iehouah. Mainstream historians, without exception, consider that coregencies never existed among assyrian dynasties, because according to an ideological dogma the king never shares power, even with his crown prince, but in the same time, paradoxically. There has been considerable confusion among scholars as to the date of the death of herod the great.
It was included by origen in his hexapla and tetrapla, which compared various versions of the old testament side by side with the septuagint. How these two famous writers could they use a different genealogy of the official hebrew text without being roundly criticized. Moses and the exodus chronological, historical and archaeological evidence gertoux, gerard on. It does not occur in ecclesiastes, and in daniel is found only in ch.
See gerard gertoux, the name of god yhwh which is pronounced as it is written, university press of america, 2015. Because of the small number of tablets the chronology of artaxerxes reign was hard to. Jewish writer elon gilad is one of many scholars who. The errors corrected by murrell selden 111595 revised 121698, 12222011, 12202012 introduction. In biblical hebrew, most vowels are not written and the rest are written only ambiguously, as the vowel letters double as consonants similar to the latin use of v to indicate both u and v. How many of you that have answered read the article at hand. So, to read the name yhwh as four vowels would be ihua that is ieua, because between two vowels the h is heard as a slight e. However, this writer believes the matter to be simple. Fritz poppenberg a german filmaker made a dvd from the simplified version of the book which is available. Paradoxically, religions prefer to translate gods name as yahweh he is, adonay my lord, allah the god, rather than a transcription of the name. Moses and the exodus chronological, historical and. According to the venus tablet enuma anu enlil 63 which describes the rising and setting of. Aspects of rendering the sacred tetragrammaton in greek topic of.